再生水水质(Recycled Water Quality）

A guide to determining, monitoring and achieving safe concentrations of chemicals in recycled water

2008年5月发布

SECTION 1 Introduction ..............................................................................................17
1.1 The Project ........................................................................................................ 17
1.2 Project Team ..................................................................................................... 18
1.3 Project Appreciation............................................................................................ 19
SECTION 2 Setting guidelines for chemicals in drinking water augmented with recycled water...21
2.1 Overview........................................................................................................... 21
2.2 Process for setting guidelines ............................................................................... 25
2.3 Summary of recommended drinking water guidelines .............................................. 66
SECTION 3 Source control and efficacy of treatment ...................................................70
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 70
3.2 Chemical targets of concern ................................................................................. 72
3.3 Preventative Measures: Source Control as a barrier for chemicals.............................. 77
3.4 Process Barriers: Removal efficiency of advanced water treatment processes .............. 83
3.5 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................... 110
SECTION 4 Monitoring .........................................................................................112
4.1 Background ..................................................................................................... 112
4.2 Sampling and extraction methods ....................................................................... 112
4.3 Chemical analysis ............................................................................................. 113
4.4 Toxicity testing ................................................................................................ 113
4.4.1 In vitro toxicity testing ............................................................................... 114
4.4.2 In vivo exposures ...................................................................................... 115
4.4.3 Epidemiological studies .............................................................................. 116
4.5 Online monitoring methods ................................................................................ 117
4.6 Proposed framework for combined bioassay and chemical analysis .......................... 117
4.7 Surrogates and indicators .................................................................................. 120
4.8 Summary ........................................................................................................ 120
SECTION 5 Exposure and public health surveillance........................................................121
5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 121
5.2 Public health surveillance................................................................................... 121
5.3 Exposure to chemical contaminants from sources other than water.......................... 122
5.4 Conclusion....................................................................................................... 147

全文：http://www.reclaimedwater.net/data/files/132.pdf